Childhood Obesity Surpasses Undernutrition Worldwide, Experts Warn
In a significant global health shift, there are now more children suffering from obesity than undernutrition. This alarming change impacts approximately one in 10 children and adolescents between the ages of five and 19, which equates to roughly 188 million youngsters.
Health experts attribute this trend primarily to a widespread dietary shift from traditional meals to diets dominated by ultra-processed food. These foods are not only affordable but also high in calories, making them a quick and easy, yet unhealthy, choice for many families.
The New Face of Malnutrition
The term "malnutrition" has historically been associated with underweight children. However, the narrative is changing. Today, malnutrition also signifies the adverse effects of obesity on children's health and development, even in less wealthy nations.
A child is deemed overweight if their weight significantly exceeds the healthy range for their age, sex, and height. Obesity, a more severe variant of being overweight, is associated with increased risks of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer in later life.
Nutrition Is Key
Proper nutrition during childhood, which includes a balanced intake of fruits, vegetables, and proteins, is crucial for a child's growth, cognitive development, and mental health. However, many traditional diets are being replaced by ultra-processed foods, typically high in sugar, salt, unhealthy fats, and additives.
Health advocates are sounding the alarm on this growing concern, emphasizing the profound impact obesity can have on a child's health and development.
Childhood Undernutrition Still a Concern
Despite the rising rates of obesity, childhood undernutrition remains a pressing issue, particularly for children under five years old in many low and middle-income countries. This condition, leading to stunting and wasting, is still a significant health concern.
However, statistics show a positive shift in the fight against undernutrition. Since 2000, the prevalence of underweight children aged 5-19 has dropped from nearly 13% to 9.2%. In contrast, obesity rates have soared from 3% to 9.4%, meaning that almost one in 10 children are now obese.
The Global Scale of Childhood Obesity
The number of overweight children, including those who are obese, has increased to such a degree that one in five school-age children and adolescents is now overweight. This equates to an estimated 391 million children globally. Notably, obesity now outweighs underweight in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
Childhood and adolescent obesity rates are particularly high in some Pacific Island states, with Niue (38%), the Cook Islands (37%), and Nauru (33%) leading the pack. However, many high-income countries also grapple with a significant obesity problem. In Chile, 27% of 5-19 year olds are obese, followed by 21% in the United States and the United Arab Emirates.
Addressing Dual Health Burdens
Many countries are now witnessing the double burden of malnutrition – the simultaneous existence of stunting and obesity. This complex issue requires targeted interventions.
Every child must have access to nutritious and affordable food to support their growth and development. Therefore, there is an urgent need for policies that aid parents and caregivers in providing healthy and nourishing food for their children.