Unraveling the Mystery Behind Video Compression Technology Controversies
Unbeknownst to many, the seamless streaming of high-quality videos is made possible by sophisticated technology. The ease with which we consume these videos often creates the illusion that everything simply works without any hitches. But this misconception is quickly dispelled when disputes arise over the use of modern video codecs such as HEVC/H.265.
The Intricacies of Video Codec Implementation
Setting up video codecs involves circumventing a complex maze of technical and legal prerequisites. These are built on an equally complicated system of patent licensing. The situation has been further complicated by recent consolidations among key stakeholders, creating “patent pools.” Court rulings and new standards have added another layer of complexity to the situation.
What Happens When HEVC Support is Withdrawn?
A significant amount of video content, especially 4K and HDR offerings, utilizes the HEVC video compression format. This is primarily because it is much more efficient than its predecessor, AVC/H.264. Therefore, when a firm withdraws hardware-based HEVC encoding and decoding support from a computer, it can lead to a series of complications. Examples include 4K and HDR streams on various streaming services ceasing to function in web browsers and desktop apps, and the inability to play HEVC shot on certain smartphones on many apps.
The workaround to these problems often involves the user paying for an HEVC video extension to restore hardware acceleration. Alternatively, they can play HEVC files in software with built-in decoding, such as VLC Media Player. But this solution has its limitations. For instance, it doesn't allow for the downloading and playing of a 4K episode from popular streaming platforms.
The Patent Maze of HEVC
The necessary technologies for HEVC decoding and encoding are patented by several companies. For a product to use HEVC, its vendor must pay licensing fees and royalties to the relevant patent holders. In recent years, several tech companies have withdrawn HEVC functionality in devices initially built to support the codec.
Furthermore, there have been cases where tech firms have been prohibited from selling PCs in certain countries due to patent infringements. In such cases, the companies have declined to explain why. This has led to speculations that these firms have determined that these devices are unlikely to be used for high-resolution video and, therefore, do not justify the patent fees and potential litigation risk associated with providing them HEVC support.
HEVC Patent Licensing
HEVC patent licensing agreements are usually negotiated behind closed doors. Companies can obtain patent licenses directly from a licensor and try to negotiate pricing or secure a deal that covers technologies beyond just HEVC. Some licensors work through third parties, like patent pool administrators, which allows licensees to offload pricing, operating principles, term negotiations, and other relevant housekeeping to the third party.
In addition, the risk of lawsuits from patent holders can deter companies from seeking HEVC support. The space is crowded with pending and settled lawsuits, intercorporate finger-pointing, and complex domestic and international legal concerns.
The User's Role
When tech companies decide that it's not worth the money, effort, or risk to incorporate HEVC support, users may be forced to pay for the codec themselves. This can be problematic for users who rely on older hardware and were not experiencing problems before the withdrawal of HEVC support.