Pre-filtering with sand, charcoal, old T-shirts—yes to all of those, especially if your water source is murky or has visible debris. I’ve actually used a layered bucket system: gravel on the bottom, then sand, then charcoal, with the actual filter (like a Berkey) as the last stage. Makes a world of difference and the main filter lasts way longer. For solar disinfection, I’ve only found it practical for emergencies when nothing else is available. Clear PET bottles, shaken and left in strong sun six hours or so—but if the water’s cloudy, it’s just not enough. Sometimes I’ve let water settle overnight, then poured off the clear top layer before filtering, which helps too.
For bigger batches, those gravity-fed setups are hard to beat. Homemade ones with food-grade buckets and ceramic filters work well and you don’t need fancy gear. Bit of patience required though—it’s not quick